Core Belief and Faith
- Īmān – Faith
- Islām – Submission to Allah
- Iḥsān – Excellence in worship
- Tawḥīd – Oneness of Allah
- Rubūbiyyah – Lordship of Allah
- Ulūhiyyah – Worship of Allah alone
- Asmāʾ wa Ṣifāt – Names and Attributes of Allah
- Shirk – Associating partners with Allah
- Kufr – Disbelief
- Nifāq – Hypocrisy
- Taqwā – God-consciousness
- Yaqīn – Certainty
- Ikhlāṣ – Sincerity
- Niyyah – Intention
- Ṣabr – Patience
- Tawakkul – Reliance on Allah
- Khawf – Fear of Allah
- Rajāʾ – Hope in Allah
- Hudā – Guidance
- Fitnah – Trial
- Qadar – Divine decree
- Qaḍāʾ – Divine judgment
- Barakah – Blessing
- Ḥikmah – Wisdom
- Amānah – Trust
- Ṣidq – Truthfulness
- ʿAdl – Justice
- Ẓulm – Oppression
- Fisq – Open sinfulness
- Ghaflah – Heedlessness
- ʿIbādah – Worship
- Ummah – Muslim community
- Walāʾ – Loyalty to faith
- Barāʾ – Disassociation from disbelief
- Istiqāmah – Steadfastness
Purification and Prayer
- Ṣalāh – Prayer
- Wuḍūʾ – Ablution
- Ghusl – Full purification
- Tayammum – Dry ablution
- Khushūʿ – Focus in prayer
- Rakʿah – Unit of prayer
- Qiyām – Standing in prayer
- Rukūʿ – Bowing
- Sujūd – Prostration
- Tashahhud – Sitting testimony
- Taslīm – Ending prayer
- Farḍ – Obligatory
- Sunnah – Prophetic practice
- Wājib – Required
- Mustaḥabb – Recommended
- Makrūh – Disliked
- Ḥarām – Forbidden
- Ḥalāl – Permissible
- Nafl – Voluntary act
- Jamāʿah – Congregation
- Imām – Prayer leader
- Maʾmūm – Follower in prayer
- Qiblah – Direction of prayer
- Masjid – Mosque
- Adhān – Call to prayer
- Iqāmah – Call before prayer
- Fajr – Dawn prayer
- Ẓuhr – Noon prayer
- ʿAṣr – Afternoon prayer
- Maghrib – Sunset prayer
- ʿIshāʾ – Night prayer
- Tahajjud – Night prayer
- Witr – Odd night prayer
- Duḥā – Morning prayer
- Istikhārah – Guidance prayer
- Sujūd as-Sahw – Prostration of forgetfulness
- Ṣalāt al-Janāzah – Funeral prayer
- Tasbīḥ – Glorifying Allah
- Taḥmīd – Praising Allah
- Tahlīl – Saying lā ilāha illā Allāh
- Takbīr – Saying Allāhu akbar
- Dhikr – Remembrance
- Duʿāʾ – Supplication
- ʿAwrah – Parts to be covered
Qur’an and Knowledge
- Qurʾān – Revelation
- Sūrah – Chapter
- Āyah – Verse
- Tajwīd – Proper recitation
- Ḥifẓ – Memorization
- Makki – Revealed in Makkah
- Madani – Revealed in Madinah
- Muḥkam – Clear verse
- Mutashābih – Ambiguous verse
- Nāsikh – Abrogating
- Mansūkh – Abrogated
- Asbāb al-Nuzūl – Reasons of revelation
- ʿIlm – Knowledge
- ʿUlamāʾ – Scholars
- Ṭālib al-ʿIlm – Student of knowledge
- Fiqh – Islamic law
- Madhhab – School of thought
- Ijtihād – Independent reasoning
- Fatwā – Legal ruling
- Qiyās – Analogical reasoning
- Ijmāʿ – Scholarly consensus
- Bidʿah – Innovation
- ʿAql – Intellect
- Naql – Textual evidence
- Ḥujjah – Proof
Character and Heart
- Akhlāq – Character
- Ḥayāʾ – Modesty
- Tawāḍuʿ – Humility
- Kibr – Arrogance
- Riāʾ – Showing off
- Ḥasad – Envy
- Ghibah – Backbiting
- Namīmah – Gossip
- Buhtān – Slander
- Ghadhab – Anger
- ʿAfw – Forgiveness
- Raḥmah – Mercy
- Ṣilah al-Raḥim – Family ties
- ʿUqūq – Cutting family ties
- Amr bil-Maʿrūf – Enjoining good
- Nahy ʿan al-Munkar – Forbidding evil
- Daʿwah – Inviting to Islam
- Nasiḥah – Sincere advice
- Nafs – Inner self
- Nafs al-Ammārah – Commanding self
- Nafs al-Lawwāmah – Self-blaming self
- Nafs al-Muṭmaʾinnah – Peaceful self
- Tazkiyah – Purification
- Zuhd – Detachment
- Dunyā – Worldly life
- Ākhirah – Hereafter
- Baʿth – Resurrection
- Ḥisāb – Reckoning
- Mīzān – Scale
- Ṣirāṭ – Bridge
- Jannah – Paradise
- Jahannam – Hellfire
- Shafāʿah – Intercession
- Khātimah – End of life
- Suʾ al-Khātimah – Bad ending
- Barzakh – Life of grave
- ʿAdhāb al-Qabr – Punishment of grave
- Naʿīm al-Qabr – Bliss of grave
- Malak al-Mawt – Angel of death
- Ṣadaqah – Charity
- Zakāh – Obligatory charity
- Ṣiyām – Fasting
- Ḥajj – Pilgrimage
- ʿUmrah – Minor pilgrimage
Fasting, Charity, and Worship
- Ṣawm – Fasting
- Ramaḍān – Month of fasting
- Suḥūr – Pre-dawn meal
- Iftār – Breaking the fast
- Kaffārah – Expiation
- Fidya – Compensation for missed fasts
- Iʿtikāf – Seclusion in the mosque
- Laylat al-Qadr – Night of Decree
- Tarāwīḥ – Night prayers in Ramaḍān
- Qiyām al-Layl – Night worship
- Zakāh al-Fiṭr – Charity at end of Ramaḍān
- Niṣāb – Minimum wealth threshold
- Ḥawl – One lunar year
- Māl – Wealth
- Ṣadaqah Jāriyah – Ongoing charity
- Infaq – Spending for Allah
- Fuqarāʾ – Poor
- Masākīn – Needy
- ʿĀmilīn ʿalayhā – Zakāh collectors
- Muʾallafah Qulūbuhum – Reconciled hearts
- Riqāb – Freeing captives
- Ghārimīn – Debtors
- Fī Sabīlillāh – In Allah’s path
- Ibn al-Sabīl – Wayfarer
- Uḍḥiyah – Eid sacrifice
- Nahr – Slaughter
- Tasmiyah – Saying Allah’s name
- Waqf – Endowment
- Ajar – Reward
- Ithm – Sin
Hajj and Sacred Places
- Ḥajj – Pilgrimage
- Iḥrām – Sacred state
- Miqāt – Boundary for iḥrām
- Talbiyah – Pilgrimage chant
- Ṭawāf – Circumambulation
- Saʿy – Walking between Ṣafā and Marwah
- Ṣafā – Hill of Ṣafā
- Marwah – Hill of Marwah
- Zamzam – Sacred water
- Maqām Ibrāhīm – Station of Ibrāhīm
- ʿArafah – Plain of ʿArafah
- Wuquf – Standing
- Muzdalifah – Sacred site
- Minā – Valley of Minā
- Jamrah – Pillar
- Jamrāt – Stone pillars
- Ḥalq – Shaving head
- Taqṣīr – Shortening hair
- Hady – Sacrificial animal
- Tamattuʿ – Type of ḥajj
- Qirān – Combined ḥajj
- Ifrād – Single ḥajj
- Masjid al-Ḥarām – Sacred Mosque
- Kaʿbah – Sacred House
- Ḥijr Ismāʿīl – Semi-circular area
Islamic Law and Legal Concepts
- Sharʿ – Divine law
- Aḥkām Sharʿiyyah – Legal rulings
- Wājib – Obligatory
- Mandūb – Recommended
- Mubāḥ – Permissible
- Makrūh – Disliked
- Ḥarām – Forbidden
- Ṣaḥīḥ – Valid
- Bāṭil – Invalid
- Fāsid – Corrupt
- Shurūṭ – Conditions
- Mawāniʿ – Preventers
- Rukn – Essential element
- Sharṭ – Condition
- Ḥadd – Fixed punishment
- Taʿzīr – Discretionary punishment
- Qiṣāṣ – Retaliation
- Diyah – Blood compensation
- Bayyinah – Clear proof
- Shahādah – Testimony
- Qāḍī – Judge
- Wilāyat al-Amr – Leadership authority
